Hip replacement, also known as total hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased hip joint is replaced with an artificial joint, called a prosthesis. This surgery is typically performed when conservative treatments have not effectively managed hip pain and functional limitations caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, hip fractures, or other hip-related disorders.

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, where the rounded head of the femur (thigh bone) fits into the acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis. During a hip replacement procedure, the damaged femoral head is removed, and a metal or ceramic ball is placed on a stem that is inserted into the hollow center of the femur. The acetabulum is also reshaped and fitted with a metal or plastic socket. This new artificial joint allows for smoother movement and reduces pain.

The hip replacement surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, and the recovery period may vary depending on individual factors and the type of surgery performed. Generally, patients undergo physical therapy and rehabilitation to regain strength, flexibility, and mobility in the hip joint following surgery.

Hip replacement surgery has become a common and successful procedure, providing significant relief from hip pain and improving the quality of life for many people with severe hip joint problems. However, as with any major surgery, there are potential risks and complications associated with hip replacement, such as infection, blood clots, dislocation of the new joint, and wear and tear of the artificial components over time.